INTP Personality Characteristics, Myths & Cognitive Functions

INTP Personality Characteristics, Myths & Cognitive Functions Theories Personality Psychology Print INTP: The Thinker (Introverted, Intuitive, Thinking, Perceiving) An Overview of the INTP Personality Type By Kendra Cherry facebook twitter Kendra Cherry, MS, is an author, educational consultant, and speaker focused on helping students learn about psychology. Learn about our editorial policy Kendra Cherry Reviewed by Reviewed by Amy Morin, LCSW on July 01, 2019 facebook twitter instagram Amy Morin, LCSW, is a psychotherapist, author of the bestselling book 13 Things Mentally Strong People Dont Do, and a highly sought-after speaker. Learn about our Wellness Board Amy Morin, LCSW Updated on July 17, 2019 Myers-Briggs Type Indicator Overview Intuitive-Thinking INTJ INTP ENTJ ENTP Intuitive-Feeling INFJ INFP ENFJ ENFP Sensing-Judging ISTJ ISFJ ESTJ ESFJ Sensing-Perceiving ISTP ISFP ESTP ESFP In This Article Table of Contents Expand Key INTP Characteristics Cognitive Functions Personal Relationships Career Paths Tips for Interacting With INTPs View All INTP (introverted, intuitive, thinking, perceiving) is one of the 16 personality types described by the  Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI).??  People who score as INTP are often described as quiet and analytical. They enjoy spending time alone, thinking about how things work and coming up with solutions to problems. INTPs have a rich inner world and would rather focus their attention on their internal thoughts rather than the external world. They typically do not have a wide social circle, but they do tend to be close to a select group of people.   Illustration by JR Bee, Verywell According to psychologist David Keirsey, creator of the Keirsey Temperament Sorter, approximately 1 to 5 percent of people have an INTP personality type. Key INTP Characteristics INTPs are quiet, reserved, and thoughtful. As introverts, they prefer to socialize with a small group of close friends with whom they share common interests and connections.They enjoy thinking about theoretical concepts and tend to value intellect over emotion. INTPs are logical and base decisions on objective information rather than subjective feelings.When analyzing data and making decisions, they are highly logical and objective.Tends to be flexible and good at thinking outside of the box.People with this personality type think about the big picture rather than focusing on every tiny detail.INTPs like to keep their options open and feel limited by structure and planning. Strengths Logical and objective Abstract thinker Independent Loyal and affectionate with loved ones Weaknesses Difficult to get to know Can be insensitive Prone to self-doubt Struggles to follow rules Has trouble expressing feelings Cognitive Functions The MBTI is based upon psychoanalyst Carl Jungs theory which suggests that personality is made up of different cognitive functions. The hierarchical order of these functions is what establishes personality and behavioral patterns. The dominant function is the one that plays the largest role in personality, although it is also supported by the auxiliary. The tertiary function is less developed, but still exerts some influence and become more pronounced as a person strengthens this area. The inferior function is largely unconscious, but represents an area of weakness. Dominant: Introverted Thinking This function focuses on how people take in information about the world. INTPs express this by trying to understand how things work. They often like to break down larger things or ideas in order to look at the individual components in order to see how things fit and function together. INTPs tend to be highly logical and efficient thinkers. They like to have a complete understanding of something before they are willing to share an opinion or take action. Auxiliary: Extraverted Intuition INTPs express this cognitive function by exploring what-ifs and possibilities. They utilize insight, imagination, and past experiences to form ideas. They often go over what they know, seeking patterns until they are able to achieve a flash of inspiration or insight into the problem. They tend to spend a great deal of time thinking about the future and imagining all the possibilities. Tertiary: Introverted Sensing INTPs tend to be very detail-oriented, carefully categorizing all of the many facts and experiences that they take in. As they collect new information, they compare and contrast it with what they already know in order to make predictions about what they believe will happen next. Inferior: Extraverted Feeling INTPs tend to seek harmony in groups. While they are introverted, INTPs can be quite outgoing when they are around people with whom they are familiar and comfortable. In situations where they feel stress, however, INTPs shut down their feelings and struggle to connect with others. Under stress, they tend to rely on logic rather than feelings. INTPs You Might Know Albert Einstein, scientistDwight D. Eisenhower, U.S. PresidentCarl Jung, psychoanalystTiger Woods, golferSheldon Cooper, The Big Bang Theory Personal Relationships As introverts, INTPs prefer spending time alone for the most part. Unlike  extraverts, who gain energy from interacting with a wide group of people, introverts must expend energy in social situations.?? After being around a lot of people, INTPs might feel like they need to spend some time alone to recharge and find balance. While they may be shy around people they do not know well, INTPs tend to be warm and friendly with their close group of family and friends. Because INTPs enjoy solitude and deep thinking, they sometimes strike others as aloof and detached. At times, people with this personality type can get lost in their own thoughts and lose track of the outside world. They love ideas and place a high value on intelligence and knowledge. In social situations, INTPs tend to be quite easy-going and tolerant. However, they can become unyielding when their beliefs or convictions are challenged. Their high emphasis on logic can make it difficult to not correct others in situations where other people present arguments that are not rational or logical. Because they rely on their own minds rather than others, they can also be very difficult to persuade. Career Paths Because they enjoy theoretical and abstract concepts, INTPs often do particularly well in science-related careers. They are logical and have strong reasoning skills, but are also excellent at thinking creatively. INTPs can be very independent and place a great deal of emphasis on personal freedom and autonomy. In some cases, they can be aggravated by authority figures, particularly those that they feel are trying to suppress their ability to think and act for themselves. Because of this, INTPs typically do best in careers as they have a great deal of flexibility and independence. Popular INTP Careers ChemistPhysicistComputer programmerForensic scientistEngineerMathematicianPharmacistSoftware developerGeologist Tips for Interacting With INTPs Friendships Shared interests are one of the best paths to forming a friendship with an INTP. They tend to value intellect over all else and can be very slow to form friendships. While this often leads to fewer friendships, the ones that an INTP does gain tend to be very close. Remember that you INTP friends may not be the best at dealing with excess emotions, but they love to bond over deep conversations and shared passions. Parenting If your child is an INTP, it is important to remember that your child may respond better to reason and logic rather than appeals to emotion. Encourage your child to develop his or her intellectual interest, but also look for situations that may help your child foster friendships. This can be an area where your child struggles, but putting them in contact with other kids who share the same interests can be helpful. Relationships INTPs tend to live inside their minds, so they can be quite difficult to get to know. Even in romance, they often hold back until they feel that the other person has proven themselves worthy of hearing these innermost thoughts and feelings. One thing to remember is that while INTPs do enjoy romance in the context of a deeply committed relationship, they do not play games. Be honest and forthright. Because INTPs are not good at understanding the emotional needs of others, you may need to be very direct about what you need and expect in that regards. INTPs also struggle to share their own feelings, so you may need to pay attention to subtle signals that your partner is sending.

Post Oak, a Top 100 Common Tree in North America

Seed Tree and Shelterwood Harvesting Methods

Zara Supply Chain Free Essays

string(66) " lower than those offered by Zara \(Lexis Nexis Database, 2012\)\." Zara â€Å"Possibly the most innovative and devastating retailer in the world† – Daniel Piette, Fashion Director of Louis Vuitton – LIM College Center of Graduate Studies Continuing Education Supply Chain Management (MNGM 605) Introduction Since globalization is an important asset to the world of fashion, significant developments have improved processes within the industry. It has been challenging for consumers to find clothing â€Å"Made in the USA† as transformations in the apparel business have caused changes in the supply chain distribution procedure. Accordingly, globalization has created new opportunities to improve production and distribution practices, which gave room for the growth of the â€Å"fast-fashion† concept. We will write a custom essay sample on Zara Supply Chain or any similar topic only for you Order Now Fast-fashion can be defined as the quick production of â€Å"apparel with a low cost, chic look now dominating the retail world. Fast fashion is mass-produced, reasonable in price for most consumers, and easy to obtain, making it simple for anyone to look stylish† (Mhm, 2010, p. 55). Zara: Spanish Retailer Zara, the Spanish firm owned by Inditex (Industria de Diseno Textil), is the first company to control the fast fashion market in the United States after its success in Europe. In 2009 Zara went beyond Gap and became the world’s largest clothing retailer. In 1975, Zara established itself as a lingerie-clothing store in La Coruna, Spain, and in 1985 became part of Inditex. The company went public in 2001 and in 2012 was named Best Retail Brand in Spain by Interbrand, with 8% increase in brand value from 2011 to 2012 (Interbrand, 2012). Zara being the flagship brand of Inditex is accountable for Inditex’s global success as it reports for more than 60% of the company’s sales (Hoover’s Database, 2012). Globalization increased the challenges to coordinate shipment by road, rail, sea, and air and now it broadened to include the Internet. An American consultant in the fashion industry, Thomas Freese, explains, â€Å"Supply-chain management is an evolution of logistics. Logistics tends to be tactical, supply-chain management is strategic. Supply chains are becoming not only longer but also more enveloping† (Mhm, 2010, p. 57). Zara owns the majority of its stores (90%), and to expand overseas has adopted three different methods. Owning subsidiaries is the most expensive strategy and represents high risk if the firm decides to exit the market; however, it involves high levels of control. This strategy is used in European and South American countries. Joint ventures are a co-operative strategy where the manufacturing facilities and the know-how of the local company merge with the expertise of international firms in the market. This strategy is applied in large and competitive markets were purchasing property to arrange a retail outlet is a challenge and the assistance of local companies is needed. Finally, franchising is the strategy chosen for high-risk countries that are culturally distant or have low sales forecast such as Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Andorra, and Malaysia. Zara’s franchisees apply the same business model as its own subsidiaries concerning product, store location, interior design, logistic, and human resources. Also, they are responsible for investing in fixed assets and recruiting staff. Since Zara gained management control of the franchisees located in Japan, Germany, and Italy, such stores have been incorporated in the group of owned stores (Leong, et. l, 2009, p. 280). Zara utilizes a â€Å"store-centric business model†. Unlike other fashion companies, in which the design or sales functions tend to dominate others, Inditex places the retail function at the center of its corporate structure (Business Source Complete Database, 2008). Proof of this is that Zara’s store management function takes center stage, not only managing all the store st aff, but also making orders (and discussing them with designers and market specialists), providing feedback and making requests to the design team. Additionally, operations, wholesale, logistics and sourcing are all at their service. The Spanish retailer also relies its retail strategy on a dynamic assortment capability (Caro, 2009), which is a firm’s ability to revise its product assortment during the selling season. To do so, Zara keeps production volumes low at the beginning of the season and reacts quickly to orders and new trends during the period; after all, â€Å"we are in the fashion business – not clothing† says a Zara manager (Ferdows, 2003). This way, the store is always supplied with the most up-to-date designs, receiving new merchandise twice a week. The policy of avoiding markdowns during the selling season also plays a center role in Zara’s strategy (Caro, 2009). The items that are not sold for more than two weeks are usually transferred to another store in the same country, shipped back to Spain or to Lefties (Zara outlet). This allows the company to charge nearly 85% of the product’s full price, while the industry’s average product makes only 60% to 70% of its full price (Ferdows, 2003). Based on the information provided by Hoover’s Database (2012), Zara and Inditex’s (parent company) major competitors are HM (Hennes Mauritz), and The Gap Inc. This criterion is based on both their volume of sales and the industry that these companies belong to (clothing stores). Euromonitor Database (2012) also includes TJX Companies within Zara’s major competitors. Table 1 presents Zara’s basic data together with that of its competitors (Hoover’s Database, 2012). Tinsley and Ormsby (2010) agree on the idea that Zara does not seek to create tendencies or looks through fashion shows and other distribution channels. Zara is perceived as a fashion imitator and therefore, the goal of the company is to understand the trends and styles that are used, develop products based on this knowledge and deliver them to the consumer as quickly as possible. HM and Gap also operate with a comparable strategy. Zara is a chain of retail stores characterized by its low prices and quick response to fashion trends, which accounts for the company’s success (Hoover’s Database, 2012). The Gap Inc. has produced basic apparel for women, men and children since 1969 and in search of expanding its target market and product categories has developed chic brands such as Banana Republic, Old Navy, amongst others. HM designs chic apparel for women, men and children; yet, the prices of its merchandise are lower than those offered by Zara (Lexis Nexis Database, 2012). You read "Zara Supply Chain" in category "Essay examples" Both, Zara and HM, have followed the same growing trend when introducing brand extensions such as Zara Home and HM Home (Hoover’s Databse, 2012). The Gap Inc. is ranked as one f the top global clothing vendors; however, Inditex as parent company of Zara has managed to operate more stores worldwide (Hoover’s, Database 2012). Inditex’s production system truly differentiates Zara from its competition. While Gap and H outsource most of their manufacturing, Zara produces 60% of its merchandise in-house. Its own factories, which primarily p roduce the most fashion-forward garments, are mainly located in Spain and Portugal. The others contractors are typically located in Asia and in other European countries. From Asia, Zara imports basic products and those for which the region has a clear cost or quality advantage. Zara obtains the majority of its fabric supply from another Inditex subsidiary (Ferdows, 2003). Over half of these fabrics are purchased undyed to allow faster response to mid-season color trends. While fabric supply, making and cutting, and the final finishing of garments are made in-house, Zara subcontracts the sewing stage to other specialized firms (Euromonitor, 2012). Finally the fabric is sent to local shops to be assembled. All products pass through Zara’s major distribution centers in La Coruna, Zaragoza and Barcelona before being shipped around the world. These distribution centers employ some of the most sophisticated and automated systems. Orders for each store are typically ready for shipment 8 hours after they have been received. Stores in Europe normally receive their orders in 24 hours, United States in 48 hours and Japan in 48 to 72 hours (Ferdows, 2003). Clearly, speed is a major concern. This combination of real-time information sharing and internalized production means that Zara can work with almost no stock and still have new designs in the stores twice a week, as opposed to the six weeks that it traditionally takes most competitors. Dan McCue states â€Å"changing retail and consumer behaviors are putting increased pressure on supply chains to deliver† (McCue, 2010). Zara certainly uses the Just in Time strategy when it comes to having fashion and trendy items available for the consumer. This business model indeed differentiates from that of Gap, H, and other major competitors (McCue, 2010). The three companies, Zara, H and Gap, target the same market and consumer base with the same product categories that differentiate amongst themselves by price, quality, availability, and style. Similarly, TJX targets consumers with middle to upper incomes that want to wear fashion items, but due to the economy downfall, are more conscious about the money they spend (Hoover’s Database, 2012). It is important to note that discounting and off-price retail clothing stores like TJ Maxx offer multi-brands generally in single markets as it allows them to build economies of scale that will generate profit, instead of bigger margins (Global Briefing, 2011). Both Zara and Gap sell private label products that are exclusively manufactured for both companies. Still, Inditex exerts a strong influence over almost the entire garment supply chain, which operates at a record-breaking speed. Zara is described as a vertically integrated retailer, directly controlling design, purchasing, production, distribution and retailing. Therefore, within Zara’s competitive advantages it is important to highlight the power to sell a high quality product that has a tight margin at a reasonable price. This also gives the company the expertise about the production process of a piece from beginning to end, which results in lower costs and superior efficiency, that is later on transformed into a differentiator within the market (Quadrik, 2010). Zara produces only a limited quantity of each design, providing small inventory and a constant renewal of its collections with new models and designs. Based on sales, stores report costumer’s feedback to designers who elaborate future garments. In this sense, Zara launches around 10,000 new designs per year, while the industry produces between 2,000 and 4,000. Constant change in designs makes the consumer perceive Zara as a store with the latest fashion (Tinsley, Ormsby, 2010). Similarly, TJX’s strategy has been that of managing tight inventories with high inventory turnover so as to attract more consumers to their stores (Hoover’s Database, 2012). According to Bovet, Zara introduces two to three new lines each week, with around eleven inventory turns a year, compared with rival H, which has seven or eight. He says he would be surprised if any retailer in the UK is higher than this, and believes many probably turn their inventory four to five times a year (Retail Week, 2001). Zara puts a lot of effort to locate its stores in the most up-market, high traffic and prestigious locations, even if prices are very expensive. These attributes are particularly important for Zara because it spends relatively little on advertising compared to its peers (Business Source Complete Database, 2008). Zara’s advertising strategy is that of zero advertising; alternatively, heir main communication channel is the store’s window. Again, this emphasizes their store-centric business model. On the other hand, H marketing strategy consists of attracting consumers through the endorsement of celebrities and joint ventures with big name designers (Hoover’s Database, 2012). TJX Companies operates TJ Maxx and Marshalls, which represent two of the largest cut-price clothing retails stores in the U nited States, therefore, the approach of the company is to target those consumers that are looking for discounted prices (Euromonitor Database, 2012). The competitive advantage of this stores are the selling products 20% to 60% below the price of comparable items at other department stores (Hoover’s Database, 2012). Finally, what really differentiates Zara from its competitors is its emphasis on fashion, as opposed to value, which has successfully appealed to the growing middle class (Global Briefing, 2011). Zara derives its competitive advantage from an astute use of information and technology as all of its stores are electronically linked to the company’s headquarters in Spain (Retail Week, 2011). Conclusion In order to improve its supply chain management, Zara should further develop its online sales presence. Research indicates that online apparel retailing sales are expected to grow (Euromonitor, 2012). Zara has a strongly underdeveloped presence in Internet retailing, which accounts for less than 1% of Inditex’s total revenue, while global apparel internet sales made up about 5% of the industry’s total sale (Euromonitor, 2012). Therefore, the Internet could be a huge advantage for the company, as many countries still don’t have a Zara’s online store. As stated previously, overall, Zara has many advantages over its competitors, specially regarding logistics and supply chain. However, the need for new distribution centers may turn into an issue in the future, as Zara has to remain fast, efficient and effective while penetrating new markets and consolidating its presence in existing ones, such as the US and Asia. Table 1 [pic] References Caro, F. (2009, July 13). Felipe Caro. Retrieved from http://www. youtube. com/watch? v=CGrT_zqfj2U Duns, S. (2006, June 28). What is really new in supply chains?. The Bangkok Post, p. 1A. Euromonitor Database. (2012). Ferdows, K. , Lewis, M. Machuca, J. (2003). Zara. International Journal, 5(2), 62-66. Retrieved June 12, 2012, from Business Source Complete Database. Folpe, J. M. (2000). Zara has a made-to-order plan for success. Fortune, 142(5), 80. Retrieved June 13, 2012, from Business Source Complete Database. Gap Official Site. (2012). About Gap Inc. Retrieved on June 15, 2012 from http://www. gapinc. com/content/gapinc/html/aboutus. html Global Briefing. (2011). International Challenges and Opportunities for Clothing and Footwear Retailers. Retrieved on June 14th, 2012 from Euromonitor Database. HM Official Site. 2012). HM Life. Retrieved on June 15, 2012 from http://www. hm. com/us/life#comp_00000058bc Hoover’s Database. (2012). Inditex. (2012) Inditex, Industria de Diseno Textile in Retailing (World). Retrieved on June 13, 2012, from Euromonitor Database. Leong, C. , Ying, F. (2009). Internalization of the Spanish Fashion Brand Zara. The Journal of Fashion Marketing and Management, 13(2), 279-296. Retrieve June 14, 2012, from the ProQuest Central database. Mccue, D. (2010). A New Spin on Just in Time. World Trade: WT100, 23(12), 28-31. Mhm, B. (2010). Fast Fashion In A Flat World: Global Sourcing Strategies. The International Business Economics Research Journal, 9(6), 55-63. Retrieve June 14, 2012, from the ProQuest Central database. Quadri, K. (2010). What Are the Real Benefits of Vertical Integration in a Retail Supply Chain? Retrieved on June 13th, 2012 from: http://blog. technologyevaluation. com/blog/2010/04/15/what-are-the-real-benefits-of-vertical-integration-in-a-retail-supply-chain/ Retail Week. (2001). Supply chain: Zara streaks ahead. Retrieved June 13, 2012, from Business Source Complete Database. The â€Å"Inditex Way† Business Model. (2008). Black Book – Inditex: Best-in-Class Mass-Fashion Retailer, 35-43. How to cite Zara Supply Chain, Essay examples

Reverend Dimmesdale Essays - English-language Films,

Reverend Dimmesdale "Life is hard, but accepting that fact makes it easier." this common phrase has been proven true in many people's lives, but is also a harsh fact that Boston's Rev. Dimmesdale, a key character in Nathaniel Hawthorne's the Scarlet Letter, had to face. In this twisted story of deception and adultery set in the Puritan era, Hawthorne introduces Dimmesdale as a weak and cowardly man who refuses to take responsibility for his actions. Yet, he transitions to a person who accepts his sins and the consequences, before it is too late, ultimately finding happiness. At the beginning of the novel, Dimmesdale has established quite a reputation for himself. In discussing individual members of the magistrate, the towns people describe Dimmesdale as a "God fearing" gentleman, "but merciful overmuch (49)". Due to his actions, all of the people respect and look up to the Reverend. Throughout the story, Dimmesdale desperately tries to confess, envying Hester, for her courage, he says, "Happy are you Hester, that wear the scarlet letter openly upon your bosom! (188)" Even at the end of the novel, when finally attempting to confess, people are compelled by his final sermon, raving that "never had a man spoken in so wise, so high, and so holy a spirit, as he that spake this day (p.243)". Proving that he was a very loved and influential man in the small town. In further developing Dimmesdale's character, Hawthorne portrays him as a hypocrite. His outward demeanor deceives the villagers, appearing as a completely holy man. However, before the action of the novel begins, he stumbles into sin, by committing adultery with Hester Pryne, an attractive young woman whose husband has been long absent on a journey, and presumed dead. His cowardly outlook on his sins only causes his troubles to snowball. Abandoning Hester and her illegitimate daughter Pearl, also augmented his problems. Forcing Hester to go and find work around town, an obviously hard task for a single parent. He also abandons them emotionally and physically, rarely there when Hester and Pearl needed him. Innocent little Pearl wonders why Dimmesdale is so afraid of public displays of affection, yet when they are alone, he takes notice of her and Hester; talking to him, Pearl asks" 'Wilt thou stand here with Mother and me, tomorrow noontide?' (p.149)". A question whose answer is unclear for Pearl. In fact, the only way Hester and Pearl receive any kind of support from Dimmesdale is when Hester threatens to tell the truth about his sins. The fact that Dimmesdale is a hypocrite causes him to experience increased torment due to his guilt. Hawthorne's point is beautifully illustrated by Dimmesdale, because if he was not such a highly religious man, then he would not care about his crime. However, he does care, and he inflicts torment on himself, including long periods of fasting, in addition to hours of staring at himself in the mirror, he could also be caught numerous times in his closet, whipping himself and burning the letter "A" on his chest, or at the scaffold in the wee hours of the morning, practicing how he is going to confess the next day. Deluding himself by pretending that his private punishment is adequate. Similarly, there are also some things that go on that are out of Dimmesdale's control. For example, bizarre thoughts and hallucinations take over him. His outward appearance also reflects this. To illustrate, "...his cheek was paler and thinner, and his voice more tremulous than before-when it had now become a constant habit....to press his hand over his heart.. (118)". "He thus typified the constant introspection wherewith he tortured, but could not purify, himself (141)". Proving, once again, that no good came out of his self-inflicted punishment. Even though he was privately repentant at home, his ministerial duties were carried out, attempting to keep his personal life out of the church. Dimmesdale refuses to confess, rationalizing that if he did, he would not be able to continue preaching and doing good deeds for the people; attempting to balance the scale. " 'These men deceive themselves' ", as stated by Dimmesdales's doctor, referring to people who believe that they can balance the scales by "doing good deeds (129)". However, at the conclusion of the novel, Dimmesdale takes an enormous load off of his back when he swallows his pride and finally confesses. After he sees himself transformed into a man that wants to teach children blasphemous words, and to sing and get drunk with visiting

How to Write a Business Case Study

How to Write a Business Case Study How to Write a Business Case Study A Business case study may be defined as a documented piece of research based on and devoted to a specific business, company, or policy situation. Composing an effective and powerful business case study one needs to be very knowledgeable in the business sphere they had selected and possess the overall understanding and skills of case study writing. A good case study is, in a way, like a detective story – you will need to make the audience solve the puzzle set in your paper. This commands a clear understanding of the subject and the process as a whole. The paper composition process may be defined as â€Å"step-by-step†. The stages of the business case study composing may be described as follows: Pre-writing stage: Search of the facts and information – This process demands scrupulousness and attention. You may visit your campus or public library, surf the Internet, etc. Analysis of combined data – Once the information has been received you need to systematically analyze it. This will give you â€Å"food† for further research and serve as the basis for the entire business case study. Writing stage: You will need to express any result received during the previous procedures in black and white. In addition, do not forget to include the so-called â€Å"hook† in the introduction. This will help you focus the audience’s attention on your research. Post-writing stage: Receiving at least minimal feedback – Ask your colleagues, professors, or parents to read your case study. They will express their general impressions and give clues to parts of the case study needing changes or improvement. Editing and proofreading – This should be aimed at maximum error correction and adjustment of the case study to high standards of writing. This stage is the last but not the least. Sometimes an author gets so tired when he/she reaches the end of an investigation that there is no time or energy left to complete thorough proofreading and editing. Still, omitting these processes may result in a low quality paper and a low tutors evaluation. Finally, while carrying out all the procedures connected with the research, you are to bear in mind the timeframe for completion. Try to carve out some time for consultations with your scientific advisor and additional time for proofreading the paper. It is generally believed that learning-centered case studies are the most efficient ones. Therefore, try to compose your business case study in accordance with the highest standards possible. Additionally, you can get professional Business case study help for money, from professional academic writers at .

Speak by Laurie Hale Anderson - Book Review

Speak by Laurie Hale Anderson - Book Review Speak by Laurie Halse Anderson is a multiple award winning book, but it is also listed by the American Library Association as one of the top 100 books challenged between 2000-2009. Every year several books are challenged and banned across the nation by individuals and organizations who believe the content of the books are inappropriate. In this review you will learn more about the book Speak, the challenges it has received, and what Laurie Halse Anderson  and others have to say about the issue of censorship.    Speak: The Story    Melinda Sardino is a fifteen year old sophomore whose life is dramatically and permanently changed the night she attends an end of summer party.   At the party Melinda is raped and calls the police, but doesn’t get the opportunity to report the crime. Her friends, thinking she called to bust the party, shun her and she becomes an outcast. Once vibrant, popular, and a good student, Melinda has become withdrawn and depressed. She avoids having to talk and doesn’t take care of her physical or mental health. All her grades start to slide, except her Art grade, and she begins to define herself by small acts of rebellion such as refusing to give an oral report and skipping school. Meanwhile, Melinda’s rapist, an older student, subtly taunts her at every opportunity. Melinda doesn’t reveal  the details of her experience  until one of her former friends begins to date the same boy who raped Melinda. In an attempt to warn her friend, Melinda writes an anonymous letter and then confronts the girl and explains what really happened at the party. Initially, the former friend refuses to believe Melinda and accuses her of jealousy, but later breaks up with the boy. Melinda is confronted by her rapist  who accuses her of destroying his reputation. He attempts to assault Melinda again, but this time she finds the power to speak and screams loudly enough to be heard by other students who are nearby.       Speak: The Controversy and the Censorship    Since its publication release in 1999 Speak has been challenged on its content about rape, sexual assault and suicidal thoughts. In September of 2010 one Missouri professor wanted the book banned from the Republic School District because he considered the two rape scenes â€Å"soft pornography.† His attack on the book elicited a media storm of responses including a statement from the author herself in which she defended her book. (Source: Laurie Halse Anderson’s Web site) The American Library Association listed Speak as number 60 in the top one hundred books to be banned or challenged between 2000 and 2009. Anderson knew when she wrote this story that it would be a controversial topic, but she is shocked whenever she reads about a challenge to  her book. She writes that Speak is about the emotional trauma suffered by a teen after a sexual assault and is not soft pornography. (Source: Laurie Halse Andersons Web site) In addition to Andersons defense of her book, her publishing company, Penguin Young Readers Group, placed a full page ad in the New York Times to support the author and her book. Penguin spokeswoman  Shanta Newlin stated, That such a decorated book could be challenged is disturbing.  (Source: Publishers Weekly Web site)    Speak: Laurie Halse Anderson and Censorship    Anderson reveals in many interviews that the idea for Speak came to her in a nightmare. In her nightmare a girl is sobbing, but Anderson did not know the reason until she started to write. As she wrote the voice of Melinda took shape and  began to speak.  Anderson felt compelled to tell Melindas story. With the success of her book (a National Award finalist and a Printz Honor Award) came the backlash of controversy and censorship. Anderson was stunned, but found herself in a new position to speak out against censorship. States Anderson, â€Å"Censoring books that deal with difficult, adolescent issues does not protect anybody. It leaves kids in the darkness and makes them vulnerable. Censorship is the child of fear and the father of ignorance. Our children cannot afford to have the truth of the world withheld from them.† (Source:  Banned Books Blog) Anderson devotes a portion of her website to censorship issues and specifically addresses the challenges to her book Speak. She argues in defense of educating others about sexual assault and lists frightening statistics about young women who have been raped. (Source: Laurie Halse Andersons Web Site) Anderson is actively involved in national groups that battle censorship and book banning such as the ABFFE (American Booksellers for Free Expression), the National Coalition Against Censorship, and the Freedom to Read Foundation.    Speak: My Recommendation    Speak is a novel about empowerment and it is a book that every teen, especially teen girls, should read. There is a time to be quiet and a time to speak out, and on the issue of sexual assault, a young woman needs to find the courage to raise her voice and ask for help. This is the underlying message of Speak and the message Laurie Halse Anderson is trying to convey to her readers. It must be made clear that Melindas rape scene is a flashback and there are no graphic details, but implications. The novel is focused on the emotional impact of the act, and not the act itself. By writing Speak and defending its right to voice an issue, Anderson has opened the door for other authors  to write about real teen issues. Not only does this book deal with a contemporary teen issue, but its an authentic reproduction of the teen voice. Anderson deftly captures the high school experience and understands the teen view of cliques and what it feels like to be an outcast. I grappled with the age recommendations for some time because this is such an important book that needs to be read.  Its a powerful book for discussion and 12 is an age when girls are changing physically and socially. However, I realize that because of the mature content, every 12 year old may not be ready for the book. Consequently, I recommend it for ages 14-18 and, in addition, for those 12 and 13 year olds with the maturity to handle the topic. The publishers recommended ages for this book is 12 and up. (Speak, 2006.  ISBN: 9780142407325)